The origin of graben and ridges in Rachmaninoff, Raditladi, and Mozart basins, Mercury
Identifieur interne : 000360 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000359; suivant : 000361The origin of graben and ridges in Rachmaninoff, Raditladi, and Mozart basins, Mercury
Auteurs : David M. Blair [États-Unis] ; Andrew M. Freed [États-Unis] ; Paul K. Byrne [États-Unis] ; Christian Klimczak [États-Unis] ; Louise M. Prockter [États-Unis] ; Carolyn M. Ernst [États-Unis] ; Sean C. Solomon [États-Unis] ; H. Jay Melosh [États-Unis] ; Maria T. Zuber [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of geophysical research. Planets [ 2169-9097 ] ; 2013.
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Abstract
The Rachmaninoff, Raditladi, and Mozart peak-ring impact basins on Mercury display a distinctive pattern of tectonic features consisting of a central zone that is either devoid of tectonic landforms or contains small ridges, a medial annulus of prominent and predominantly circumferentially oriented graben, and a distal zone displaying graben that occur in a mix of orientations and that are less evident toward the peak ring. Here we use finite element models to explore three candidate scenarios for the formation of these tectonic features: (1) thermal contraction of the interior smooth plains, (2) isostatic uplift of the basin floor, and (3) subsidence following volcanic loading. Our results suggest that only thermal contraction can account for the observed pattern of graben, whereas some combination of subsidence and global contraction is the most likely explanation for the central ridges in Rachmaninoff and Mozart. Thermal contraction models, however, predict the formation of graben in the centermost region of each basin, where no graben are observed. We hypothesize that graben in this region were buried by a thin, late-stage flow of plains material, and images of partially filled graben provide evidence of such late-stage plains emplacement. These results suggest that the smooth plains units in these three basins are volcanic in origin. The thermal contraction models also imply a cooling unit ∼1 km thick near the basin center, further supporting the view that plains-forming lavas on Mercury were often of sufficiently high volume and low viscosity to pool to substantial thicknesses within basins and craters.
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Blair</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University</s1><s2>West Lafayette, Indiana</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freed, Andrew M" sort="Freed, Andrew M" uniqKey="Freed A" first="Andrew M." last="Freed">Andrew M. Freed</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University</s1><s2>West Lafayette, Indiana</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Byrne, Paul K" sort="Byrne, Paul K" uniqKey="Byrne P" first="Paul K." last="Byrne">Paul K. Byrne</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, NW</s1><s2>Washington, DC</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klimczak, Christian" sort="Klimczak, Christian" uniqKey="Klimczak C" first="Christian" last="Klimczak">Christian Klimczak</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, NW</s1><s2>Washington, DC</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prockter, Louise M" sort="Prockter, Louise M" uniqKey="Prockter L" first="Louise M." last="Prockter">Louise M. Prockter</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</s1><s2>Laurel, Maryland</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ernst, Carolyn M" sort="Ernst, Carolyn M" uniqKey="Ernst C" first="Carolyn M." last="Ernst">Carolyn M. Ernst</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</s1><s2>Laurel, Maryland</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solomon, Sean C" sort="Solomon, Sean C" uniqKey="Solomon S" first="Sean C." last="Solomon">Sean C. Solomon</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, NW</s1><s2>Washington, DC</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University</s1><s2>Palisades, New York</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melosh, H Jay" sort="Melosh, H Jay" uniqKey="Melosh H" first="H. Jay" last="Melosh">H. Jay Melosh</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University</s1><s2>West Lafayette, Indiana</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zuber, Maria T" sort="Zuber, Maria T" uniqKey="Zuber M" first="Maria T." last="Zuber">Maria T. Zuber</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology</s1><s2>Cambridge, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of geophysical research. Planets</title><idno type="ISSN">2169-9097</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of geophysical research. Planets</title><idno type="ISSN">2169-9097</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>contraction</term><term>cooling</term><term>craters</term><term>emplacement</term><term>finite element analysis</term><term>flow</term><term>global</term><term>grabens</term><term>landforms</term><term>lava</term><term>materials</term><term>mercury</term><term>models</term><term>orientation</term><term>plains</term><term>subsidence</term><term>subsidence basins</term><term>tectonics</term><term>thickness</term><term>uplifts</term><term>viscosity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Graben</term><term>Mercure</term><term>Tectonique</term><term>Forme relief</term><term>Orientation</term><term>Méthode élément fini</term><term>Modèle</term><term>Contraction</term><term>Plaine</term><term>Surrection</term><term>Bassin subsidence</term><term>Subsidence</term><term>Monde</term><term>Ecoulement</term><term>Matériau</term><term>Mise en place</term><term>Refroidissement</term><term>Lave</term><term>Viscosité</term><term>Epaisseur</term><term>Cratère</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mercure</term><term>Plaine</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The Rachmaninoff, Raditladi, and Mozart peak-ring impact basins on Mercury display a distinctive pattern of tectonic features consisting of a central zone that is either devoid of tectonic landforms or contains small ridges, a medial annulus of prominent and predominantly circumferentially oriented graben, and a distal zone displaying graben that occur in a mix of orientations and that are less evident toward the peak ring. Here we use finite element models to explore three candidate scenarios for the formation of these tectonic features: (1) thermal contraction of the interior smooth plains, (2) isostatic uplift of the basin floor, and (3) subsidence following volcanic loading. Our results suggest that only thermal contraction can account for the observed pattern of graben, whereas some combination of subsidence and global contraction is the most likely explanation for the central ridges in Rachmaninoff and Mozart. Thermal contraction models, however, predict the formation of graben in the centermost region of each basin, where no graben are observed. We hypothesize that graben in this region were buried by a thin, late-stage flow of plains material, and images of partially filled graben provide evidence of such late-stage plains emplacement. These results suggest that the smooth plains units in these three basins are volcanic in origin. The thermal contraction models also imply a cooling unit ∼1 km thick near the basin center, further supporting the view that plains-forming lavas on Mercury were often of sufficiently high volume and low viscosity to pool to substantial thicknesses within basins and craters.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>District de Columbia</li><li>Indiana</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>État de New York</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Indiana"><name sortKey="Blair, David M" sort="Blair, David M" uniqKey="Blair D" first="David M." last="Blair">David M. Blair</name></region><name sortKey="Byrne, Paul K" sort="Byrne, Paul K" uniqKey="Byrne P" first="Paul K." last="Byrne">Paul K. Byrne</name><name sortKey="Ernst, Carolyn M" sort="Ernst, Carolyn M" uniqKey="Ernst C" first="Carolyn M." last="Ernst">Carolyn M. Ernst</name><name sortKey="Freed, Andrew M" sort="Freed, Andrew M" uniqKey="Freed A" first="Andrew M." last="Freed">Andrew M. Freed</name><name sortKey="Klimczak, Christian" sort="Klimczak, Christian" uniqKey="Klimczak C" first="Christian" last="Klimczak">Christian Klimczak</name><name sortKey="Melosh, H Jay" sort="Melosh, H Jay" uniqKey="Melosh H" first="H. Jay" last="Melosh">H. Jay Melosh</name><name sortKey="Prockter, Louise M" sort="Prockter, Louise M" uniqKey="Prockter L" first="Louise M." last="Prockter">Louise M. Prockter</name><name sortKey="Solomon, Sean C" sort="Solomon, Sean C" uniqKey="Solomon S" first="Sean C." last="Solomon">Sean C. Solomon</name><name sortKey="Solomon, Sean C" sort="Solomon, Sean C" uniqKey="Solomon S" first="Sean C." last="Solomon">Sean C. Solomon</name><name sortKey="Zuber, Maria T" sort="Zuber, Maria T" uniqKey="Zuber M" first="Maria T." last="Zuber">Maria T. 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